The comprehensive summary of cluster trends and evolutions present in 17 European countries through 28 different cases. This publication examines the progressions the clusters in general made through the years existing in Europe, and which way they evolve depending on the geographical coordinates. First part of the work focuses on a concept that introduces cluster as a form of a policy tool, and further provides examples of trends in that matter that are implemented and used in the various EU regions. Second part of this work provides a 28 cases; 13 on the national level and 15 on the regional level, and examines a common cluster policy trends occurring in them.
Co zawiera publikacja
- Executive summary
- Introduction
- A. Trends in the use of clusters as a policy tool
- 1. Evolution of the concept of clusters as a policy tool
- 2 opening innovation processes through clusters
- 3 smart implementation and integration of cluster-related policies
- 4. Continued strengthening of cluster initiatives
- B. Reports from different geographies
- Annex I: contact information for European contributors
- Glossary of key terms
- Tactics consortium
- Reflection group members
- External contributions
